Pasta with Hot Italian Sausage, Kale, Garlic, and Red Pepper Flakes

links (12 oz) hot Italian sausage (use hot turkey Italian sausage for South Beach Diet)

kale leaves, thinly sliced (about 12 cups thinly sliced kale)

large garlic cloves, coarsely chopped (I would not use garlic from a jar for this recipe)

+ 1-2 tsp. olive oil

red pepper flakes (use more or less to taste)

 or 1 can chicken broth

 pasta (or use your favorite whole wheat, gluten-free, or regular pasta in a shape like this)

salt for pasta cooking water (at least 1 T)

coarsely grated Parmesan cheese, plus more for serving