Balsamic Pasta with Toasted Garlic & Pine Nuts

olive oil, divided 1 shallot, finely diced 6 cloves garlic, thinly sliced 1/4 cup pine nuts 2 Tbs. balsamic vinegar 1/2 tsp. kosher salt 1/4 tsp. black pepper 8 ounces pasta 2 ounces shredded Parmesan